Spot Treatment

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In our body, especially on our face, different types of skin spots can occur by various reasons and factors. Although these spots that are darker than normal skin color and formed apparently do not threaten our life; they cause some aesthetic cosmetic problems, even they can cause some psychological disorders that may affect the social life of some people. For this reason, the skin spots are required to be treated.

Melanin is the pigment substance that gives color to our skin. Skin spots are the areas where the melanin amount is excess. Creating skin spots of the melanin by gathering in certain regions in too high amounts, results from various reasons. Some of these spots arise by birth, some in adolescence, some with aging, and some of them by damages occurred as a result of sun or external factors.

Types of Skin Spots Cilt

Pigmented lesions: Epidermal pigmented lesions: lentigines, café-au-lait macules, freckles, nevocellular nevus, nevus spilus, seborrheic keratosis, and pigmented actinic keratosis can be counted.

Dermal pigmented lesions: Blue nevus, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, dermal and epidermal pigment, compound nevus, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma.

Solar Lentigines (Sun Spots): Sun spots can occur especially in sun exposure without using any sun protection for a long time and sometimes as independent from time. The skin gets thicker to protect itself, and melanin pigment production increases, consequently increase in spot sormation is observed.

Masks of pregnancy (Melasma): Although its name is mask of pregnancy, it may also be seen in men. Contraceptive pills used, because of hormonal structures and the hormonal changes during pregnancy, stress, psychological factors may cause excessive production of the melanin pigment; along with increase in melanin sharply circumscribed spots may be formed on the areas most exposed to the sun such as cheek, forehead and chin; alog with genetic predisposition melasma can show up in pregnancies again.

Freckles:These spots mostly seen in cheek, nose, forehead and chin parts, which the sun shows more effect on, can be in form of light or darker spots. While generally they increase in sunny seasons, they reduce or become lighter in the seasons with no sun.

Fungal diseases: Some fungal infection, fungal diseases may cause spotting in the skin.

Café au lait macules: These spots in color of milk coffee progress by birth or in early childhood, sometimes these spots of which sizes may vary may be on their own, or may be a sign for the neurofibromatosis disease.

Allergic reactions: Some oral medications or some cream-type medications applied regionally called topical may cause hyperpigmentation. While sometimes they are at level of light redness and allergic reaction, sometimes they may cause regional bristles and regional spot formation.

Laser Treatment Of Spots

There are many lasers used for this purpose. In our clinic, Q Switched Nd Yag laser, carbon dioxide laser and Erbium laser can be used. It is required a separate laser treatment for each type of skin spot.

Because the carbon dioxide lasers cause deep peeling, they show long healing periods; however beside that, because they provide renewal in collagen production, they also provide rejuvenation in the skin at the same time.

And in Erbium laser, quicker healing is in question. At the same time, the skin rejuvenation can be performed also in the fractional application of erbium laser.

“The most successful spot treatment is performed by Q Switched Nd Yag laser in our day.”

While the laser energy is absorbed intensively by cells containing melanin during the application of spot treatment by Spectra Q Switched Nd Yag Laser, it hardly affects the other normal skin-colored cells.

If the spot treatment will be applied by fractional laser, these regions should not be tanned. Because the darker colored parts of the skin that caused by tanning may also absorb the laser beams, and as a consequence effects such as irritation or blister can be observed in the skin. But this situation is out of question for the Q Switched lasers.

The spot treatment with Q Switched laser is not a painful method in general. To provide the patient to be more comfortable while performing spot treatment by fractional laser, anesthetic creams or cooling application can be performed. You doctor will make the decision of whether any preliminary will be needed for the laser treatment of spots.

What Happens After Laser Treatment Of Spots?

Any redness does not occur after spot treatment application by Q Switched laser, for example after application in melasma treatment. This application is completely painless, at the same time it also provides rejuvenation in the skin. 1064 nm wavelength of this laser does not create peeling, burning, crusting, and redness.

If treatment of freckle, sun spot, and age spot will be performed, 532 nm-wavelength of Q Switched laser is used. In this case, a slight burning is felt. Redness occurs in first 3 days, a very light scap occurs after 3 days, and after 1 week the scap is completely peeled. And the spot below becomes completely disappeared.

If fractional laser treatment of spot is performed, within some hours after treatment a slight warm feeling like sunburn occurs in the skin, and the skin remains red during 24 hours in general. Then crusting will be formed for 3-4 days and this scab will disappear.

Some spots in your skin may become darker especially after the treatment by inappropriate lasers. As well as this situation may disappear within 1-2 weeks, they may also be permanent. There may be darkening or lightening in the skin color within 1-2 months after spot treatment. Until the effect of laser treatment completely disappears and the color of your skin returns to normal, the treated region should carefully be protected from the sun.

After the spot treatment with Q Switched 532 nm and fractional laser, gently cleaning the skin with a cleaner and applying an epitelizan-containing cream will accelerate the healing process. In case abnormal redness, pain or swelling is observed, consult your doctor as soon as possible.

How Many Sessions Is Laser Treatment Of Spots Performed?

There are skin spots and pigmentation disorders with very different structures, characteristics, depths, and darkness. Moreover, due to people’s body structures, healing features, consequently the abilities of their skins in cleaning the spots after laser treatment of spots are different; it may not be completely said to the patient to be performed laser treatment of spot that in how many session the treatment will be over, average numbers and time are given. Also, there is no guarantee of the given time and numbers, more sessions may be required.

While the freckles and brown age spots are usually treated successfully, the deeper spots and complicated lesions may be more resistant to the treatment. The common sun spot and freckles, age spots disappear at the rate of 60%-80% after single session. For some sun spots and freckles, second or third sessions may be necessary. Some spots are quite resistant and may not be removed completely. Even so, after the spot treatment application by laser, their colors lighten in considerable extent.

The treatment of this group which is in melasma-type people suppose as sun spot but in fact they are not, is performed for 5 sessions at 1 week 10 days intervals.

Special spots like nevus of Ota, Becker nevus require 5-8 sessions of application.

Do The Spots Completely Disappear In Consequence Of The Laser Treatment Of Spots?

Most types of spot can be completely removed or become unclear by quite reducing by spot treatment. It can easily be closed by a light makeup. While the patients did not go out without makeup before, they states that they do not even need for makeup.

What Are The Side Effects Of Laser Treatment Of Spots?

Generally, the spot treatment performed by an appropriate laser does not have a bad side effect. The most common problem is that some of spots and pigmented lesions are resistant to the spot treatment, and although their color lightens a little, they do not give sufficient response to the treatment.

Formation of wound and infection is seen very rarely.

Unless peeling is performed, infection does not occur. The infection occurrence can easily be prevented or treated by antibiotic creams.

Also in normal skin, color lightening hypopigmentation may be seen rarely. In such cases, mostly the color lightening effect is very minimal.

In case of direct sun exposure, possibility of coming back of the spots treated rises.

To prevent the spots to come back, and generally new spots formation in your skin; it is important your skin to be protected carefully against the sun.

According To What Are The Prices Of Laser Treatment Of Spots Determined?

When laser treatment of spots is performed, it is required firstly to determine type of the spot. Each spot shows different characteristics, and the session number to be applied will also differ. In this case, it will affect the prices of laser treatment of spots. While some spots are in quality can be removed in 1 session, and some of them need 5 sessions and more. Consequently, the spot pricing required a lot of sessions is also made by taking this situation into consideration.

Another factor in determining the spot treatment price is that whether the spot is only on facial are, or on different parts of the body like Becker nevus. In that case, size of the spot will affect the spot treatment prices. For information of cost and how a treatment plan will be made for you, you should get examined by your doctor.

Applications That Can Be Perfomed Additionally In The Spot Treatment Except Laser

1. Eliminating the sun exposure

The first thing that should be done in the spot treatment is using sun protections and breaking the relation with the sun. These sun protections should have properties of protecting against both ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B lights. The sun protections should be used not only in sunny days, everyday indoors and out of doors even in shade. Consequently, it is required to use the protections with 45 protection factors in summer and winter.

2. Depigmenting creams

Cream treatments do not remove all types of spot, but assist the treatments like laser. There are many depigmenting creams used in spot treatment. These medications take effect by reducing the pigment production of melanocytes, instead of damaging the melanocytes. There is hydroquinone in the most commonly used depigmenting creams. Combination of the creams containing tretinoine, cortisone and glycolic acid with the hydroquinone increases the depigmentation feature.

3. Chemical Peels

Peels containing glycolic acid, alpha hydroxy acids, fruit acid can be used in the sun spots. Also, more intensive peels, TCA can be used for this purpose. Rather than these peels, the peels such as spot peel, cosmelan, and dermelan can be used.

Mask of Pregnancy (Melasma)

Melasma, in other words mask of pregnancy is a common skin problem, and manifests itself with sharply circumscribed, large, brown spots in the skin. Generally, both sides of the face are affected. Even if the patients think these spots as sun spot, this does not arise from the sun, but becomes darker in the sun.

It is mostly observed in the facial region. And on the face, these spots are seen mostly on cheeks, forehead, nose and on-lip. Melasma may progress also on the on-arms and neck.

Who Have Melasma?

Everyone can have melasma, but it is seen in young women more frequently. It shows up mostly in 2nd and 3rd months of the pregnancy. Sometimes it called as mask of pregnancy. It can also be seen in men at the rate close to 10%. The spot of pregnancy melasma is observed most frequently in the dark-skinned people.

Why Does Melasma Occur?

The reason of melasma is not clear. Melasma is seen more frequently in the persons whose family has ones with melasma. Hormonal changes can trigger the melasma. If it progresses in the pregnancy, it is named as the mask of pregnancy. Contraceptive pills may also cause the melasma. Beside that, the hormonal therapy performed after menopause does not cause such a spotting. Also, it may occur because of stress, psychological factors, and structural properties. In also zinc deficiency, melasma can occur.

The sun can trigger the melasma formation. The ultraviolet light coming from the sun or the light radiated from strong lamps can stimulate the melanocytes which produce pigment in the skin. The melanocytes are more active in dark-skinned persons than in light-skinned ones. These melanocytes produce a large amount of pigments under normal conditions, but this situation rises when being exposed to light or being hormonal increases. Even if staying under sun does not create melasma, it causes recurrence of the spot of pregnancy. Any irritation on the skin makes the melasma worse by causing increase of the pigment in dark-skinned persons.

How Is The Melasma Diagnosed?

Because the melasma is encountered commonly, and the findings on the patient’s face are characteristic; the diagnosis is easily made. Rarely, it becomes required to conduct a biopsy to distinguish from the other skin diseases.

How Is The Melasma Treatment?

Because there is not a definite treatment in melasma, many treatments are developed. As well as melasma may disappear after pregnancy, it may also last for years or for a lifetime.

1. Stopping of medications cosmetics that may cause melasma

Because the creams, cleaners or cosmetics that can irritate the skin may make the melasma worse, they should be forbidden. If melasma has started with use of contraceptive pills, melasma can get better after stopping use of this medication. It can be continued to use of the contraceptive pills by using depigmenting creams.

2. Eliminating the sun exposure

The first thing that should be done is using the sun protections. These sun protections should have properties of protecting against both ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B lights. . The sun protections should be used not only in sunny days, everyday indoors and out of doors. Consequently, it is required to use the protections with 45 protection factors in summer and winter.

3. Melasma treatment by laser

Melasma treatment is performed by laser most successfully. For this purpose, Q Switched Nd Yag laser is used. The spots are removed by this laser without leaving any redness on the skin. The session time is 1 week. In about 4-8 sessions, the spots will be removed. The patients will be non-stayed away from their social lives by way of this laser.

4. Depigmenting creams

Cream treatments do not remove melasma, but assist the treatments like laser. There are many depigmenting creams used in melasma treatment. These medications take effect by reducing the pigment production of melanocytes, instead of damaging the melanocytes. There is hydroquinone in the most commonly used depigmenting creams. Combination of the creams containing tretinoine, cortisone and glycolic acid with the hydroquinone increases the depigmentation feature.

5. Chemical Peels

Peels containing glycolic acid, fruit acid does not affect the melasma. If the peels such as spot peel, cosmelan are applied, then they can benefit the melasma.